Spain adopts first nationwide framework for cognitive accessibility

Spain has adopted its first nationwide framework setting basic standards for cognitive accessibility, turning a legal right to understand information and surroundings into practical obligations across essential services. The royal decree is intended to help people with difficulties in comprehension communicate, find their way and complete everyday tasks with greater autonomy and without discrimination.

The rules cover healthcare, public spaces, transport, telecommunications, government services, courts, employment, cultural sites and elections. Within these areas, information and communication must be made easier to understand through options such as plain language, easy-read formats, sound, pictograms, visual aids and communication technology. These supports must not cost users extra or delay their access. In hospitals, for example, patients who need cognitive support will be entitled to easy-read information about treatment and medication, while clearer signs can make museums and public transport easier to navigate.

The measure applies to public authorities and private providers. It is designed for people including those with intellectual disabilities, autism, acquired brain injuries or cognitive decline, while also potentially helping people with low literacy and migrants who do not speak Spain’s official languages. It follows a 2022 law, although the deadline for detailed regulations passed in 2025. Spain’s cognitive accessibility centre is now preparing implementation guides and working to simplify procedures such as tax returns, identity documents and applications for minimum-income support.